From Concept to Reality: The Introduction of Company

A company is a separate legal entity, distinct from its owners, management, and employees. This concept is also known as the corporate body or body corporate. Unlike a natural person or a human being, a company is an artificial person or legal person, created and recognized by law. The separate legal entity status allows a company to have its own assets, liabilities, and perpetual succession, which means that such company exists independently of the lives of its shareholders and directors. This separation between the company and its members ensures that the personal assets of shareholders and directors are protected from the company’s liabilities, and the company can be sued or sued in its own name.

A private company is one where the right to transfer shares is restricted, and the number of shareholders is limited to 50. These companies are not allowed to offer shares to the public and are often used for small to medium-sized businesses with a limited number of investors.

A public company is one that can offer its shares to the general public, often through a stock exchange. It must have at least seven shareholders and a minimum share capital as specified by the Companies Act. Public companies are subject to more stringent regulations and disclosure requirements to protect the interests of investors.

An LLP is a hybrid between a traditional partnership firm and a company. It combines the benefits of limited liability and the flexibility of partnership management. An LLP is a separate legal entity and can enter into contracts, own property, and sue or be sued in its own name.

One of the key advantages of incorporating a company is the concept of limited liability. Shareholders of a company limited by shares are liable only for the nominal value of their shares, which means they are not personally responsible for the company’s debts. In contrast, a partnership firm or sole proprietorship does not offer limited liability protection to its owners, putting their personal assets at risk.

A company’s shares represent the ownership interests of its shareholders, who are also referred to as members. The management of the company, including the board of directors and managerial personnel, is responsible for making decisions and implementing strategies to achieve the company’s profit and loss objectives. Directors are appointed by shareholders, and their actions are subject to scrutiny and approval by the shareholders during annual general meetings.

A company works through its board of directors, managerial personnel, and other employees, who handle the day-to-day operations of the business. The company, as a separate legal entity, can enter into contracts, hire and fire employees, and manage its property, such as bank accounts and real estate. The company’s assets are considered separate property from the assets of its shareholders, directors, and employees.

Historically, a company’s contracts were executed using a common seal, which represented the company’s agreement and intention. However, modern company law has evolved to allow companies to enter into contracts without the use of a common seal as long as the contract is signed by authorized representatives of the company.

In addition to focusing on profit and loss accounts, companies are increasingly expected to demonstrate a commitment to corporate social responsibility (CSR). This refers to the ethical, social, and environmental responsibilities of a company in its operations and decision-making processes. CSR initiatives can range from reducing a company’s carbon footprint and promoting sustainable practices to supporting community development projects and ensuring fair labour practices. By incorporating CSR into their business models, companies can foster long-term growth, build positive brand reputations, and contribute to a better society.

When a company is incorporated, it is required to have two primary documents: the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association. The Memorandum of Association outlines the company’s purpose, the type of company it is (public or private), its authorized share capital, and other fundamental details. The Articles of Association, on the other hand, detail the rules and regulations governing the internal management of the company, including the appointment and removal of directors, shareholders’ rights and responsibilities, and procedures for holding meetings.

While a company enjoys perpetual succession, it can also be dissolved under certain circumstances. The dissolution of a company can occur voluntarily, through the decision of its shareholders, or involuntarily, as a result of a court order or regulatory action. Upon dissolution, the company’s assets are liquidated to pay off its liabilities, and any remaining assets are distributed among its shareholders according to the proportion of shares held.

Once the company is incorporated, it must open a separate bank account in its name. This is essential because the company, as a separate legal entity, must maintain its financial transactions separately from those of its members.

A company can also own property in its name. This separate property is distinct from the assets of its shareholders or directors. It is crucial to maintain this distinction to preserve limited liability and protect the personal assets of the shareholders.

A holding company is a type of company that owns shares in other companies (subsidiaries) and exercises control over them. Holding companies can be used for various purposes, such as consolidation of ownership, management efficiency, and risk management. The Companies Act contains specific provisions relating to holding companies and their subsidiaries.

In summary, introduction to company law and its underlying principles is essential for navigating the corporate world. The concept of a separate legal entity provides companies with numerous advantages, such as limited liability and perpetual succession, while the Companies Act ensures that businesses are conducted in a transparent and accountable manner. The evolving focus on corporate social responsibility, along with the importance of the Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association, further emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of company law for entrepreneurs, investors, and professionals alike.

Along with your company’s introduction, it is also necessary to give your introduction. But fear not, we have got you covered. Read our blog on effective self-introduction with examples and tips.